-
1 ena
-
2 enosmeren
one-way, single -
3 edìnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
4 edьnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
5 zìnǫti
zìnǫti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `open (one's mouth), gape'Old Church Slavic:zinǫti (Supr.) `open (one's mouth)' [verb], zinǫ [1sg]Russian:razínut' `open wide (one's mouth), gape' [verb]Old Czech:pozinúti `swallow up' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:zȉnuti `open (one's mouth), yawn' [verb], zȉnēm [1sg];Čak. zȉnuti (Vrgada) `open (one's mouth), yawn' [verb], zȉneš [2sg];Čak. zȉnuti (Hvar) `open (one's mouth), yawn' [verb], zȉnen [1sg]Slovene:zíniti `open (one's mouth)' [verb], zȋnem [1sg]Bulgarian:zína `open one's mouth', yawn' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵʰh₁i-??Other cognates:OIc. gína `yap, yawn' [verb]; -
6 mižati
I. mьžati I; mižati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `screw up one's eyes, doze'Page in Trubačev: XIX 62-63; XXI 179Russian:Czech:Polish:mżeć `blink, doze, dream' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:míždati `doze, drizzle' [verb]Slovene:mǝžáti `keep one's eyes closed' [verb], mǝžím [1sg];mížati `keep one's eyes closed' [verb], mižím [1sg]Bulgarian:mižá `blink, screw up one's eyes, flicker' [verb];mížă (dial.) `screw up one's eyes, stand with eyes closed' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mig-Indo-European reconstruction: h₃meigʰ-IE meaning: flicker, blinkCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 712II. \>\> mьzěti -
7 blǭdìti
blǭdìti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `err'Page in Trubačev: II 125-127Old Church Slavic:blǫditi `err, indulge in debauchery' [verb], blǫždǫ [1sg]Russian:bludít' `wander, roam' [verb], blužú [1sg], blúdit [3sg];bludít' `fornicate' [verb], blužú [1sg], bludít [3sg]Czech:Slovak:blúdit' `lose one's way, roam, be mistaken' [verb]Polish:bɫądzić `be mistaken, roam, lose one's way' [verb]Slovincian:blą̃ʒĕc `be mistaken, roam, talk nonsense' [verb], blȯ́ų̯ǯą [1sg]Upper Sorbian:bɫudzić `delude, lose one's way, be mistaken, roam' [verb]Lower Sorbian:bɫuźiś `confuse, roam, be mistaken' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:blúditi `spoil, caress' [verb], blȗdīm [1sg]Slovene:blǫ́diti `roam, be mistaken, talk nonsense, mix, blend, delude' [verb], blǫ́dim [1sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: blond-iʔ-teiLithuanian:blandýtis `clear up, become cloudy, recover, roam' [verb]Latvian:blàndîtiês2 `roam' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: bʰlond-iH-teiIE meaning: be in a clouded state of mindPage in Pokorny: 157Other cognates: -
8 majati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
9 mavati
majati; mavati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `wave, beckon'Page in Trubačev: XVII 133-135, XVIII 21-22Old Church Slavic:namaiaaxǫ (Supr.) `beckoned' [3pl ipf]Church Slavic:Russian:májat' `exhaust, harass' [verb];Old Russian:Czech:mávati `wave' [verb]Slovak:mávat' `wave' [verb]Lower Sorbian:mawaś `wave, rock' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:mȁjati `beckon, keep, detain' [verb]Slovene:májati `move about, shake' [verb], májam [1sg], májem [1sg]Bulgarian:mája `dawdle, detain' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: maH-Lithuanian:móti `beckon' [verb]Latvian:mãt `beckon' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂-IE meaning: beckonPage in Pokorny: 693Comments: It is clear that *majati and *mavati continue one and the same verb, j and v being "Hiatustilger". While majati `to beckon' cannot be separated from Lith. móti, Latv. mãt `id.', majati `to detain, to tire, to exhaust' has been linked to Germanic forms like OHG muoan and Go. afmauiʮs (cf. Stang 1972: 35). The respective roots in Pokorny are mā- (693) and mō- (746). If we assume that *majati indeed continues *meh₂- as well as *meh₃- (LIV: 382), we have to settle for semantic arguments. Since it is also possible to argue on semantic grounds that *majati ultimately continues *meh₂- `to beckon' only (Trubačëv XVII 134), it is to a certain extent a matter of choice which solution one prefers.Other cognates: -
10 blęsti
blęsti Grammatical information: v.Page in Trubačev: II 115Old Church Slavic:blęsti `chatter, talk nonsense' [verb], blędǫ [1sg]Church Slavic:Old Russian:Old Czech:Serbo-Croatian:Slovene:blésti `rave, talk nonsense' [verb], blédem [1sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: blend-Lithuanian:blę̃sti `sleep, stir flour into soup, talk nonsense, become cloudy' [verb], bleñdžia [3sg]Latvian:blènst `be short-sighted' [verb] \{1\}Indo-European reconstruction: The root *bʰlend- seems to be limited to Balto-Slavic and Germanic.Page in Pokorny: 157Notes:\{1\} In ME, blenst `talk nonsense' is accented blènst2 (blènzt2) or blênst2 (blênzt2). Blenst `be short-sighted' occurs with the unambiguous accentuations blènst\ and bleñst (1x). In some dialects, the latter verb has also preserved the root-final d. -
11 edinakъ
edinakъ; edьnakъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `similar, identical'Page in Trubačev: VI 9-10Old Church Slavic:Russian:odinákij (obs.) `identical' [adj o] \{1\};odnáko `however' [adv]Czech:jedinaký `only' [adj o];jednaký `identical' [adj o]Slovak:jednaký `identical' [adj o]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jedìnāk `identical, similar' [adj o];jȅdnāk, similar `identical' [adj o];enák `identical, similar' [adj o]Slovene:ednák `of the same kind, identical' [adj o];enák `identical' [adj o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o];edinák `solitary man or wolf' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-n-eh₂-ko-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: A derivation of the numeral `one' (-> *edìnъ).Notes:\{1\} Cf. odinókij `solitary'. -
12 edьnakъ
edinakъ; edьnakъ Grammatical information: adj. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `similar, identical'Page in Trubačev: VI 9-10Old Church Slavic:Russian:odinákij (obs.) `identical' [adj o] \{1\};odnáko `however' [adv]Czech:jedinaký `only' [adj o];jednaký `identical' [adj o]Slovak:jednaký `identical' [adj o]Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jedìnāk `identical, similar' [adj o];jȅdnāk, similar `identical' [adj o];enák `identical, similar' [adj o]Slovene:ednák `of the same kind, identical' [adj o];enák `identical' [adj o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o];edinák `solitary man or wolf' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-n-eh₂-ko-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: A derivation of the numeral `one' (-> *edìnъ).Notes:\{1\} Cf. odinókij `solitary'. -
13 mitusь
mitusь Grammatical information: adv. Proto-Slavic meaning: `opposite one another, criss-cross'Page in Trubačev: XIX 60-61Church Slavic:Old Russian:Ukrainian:mýtus' `with their heads in opposite directions' [adv];mytús' (dial.) `inopportunely' [adv]Polish:mituś (dial.) `across, criss-cross, the other way round' [adv]Indo-European reconstruction: meith₂-u-Page in Pokorny: 715Other cognates:Skt. mithuná `paired' [adj];Av. miʮwara- `paired' [adj]; -
14 zijati
zijati; zьjati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `open (one's mouth), gape, be wide open'Old Church Slavic:Russian:ziját' `yawn, gape' [verb], zijáju [1sg], zijajǫ [1sg]Czech:záti `gape, be wide open' [verb], zejí [3pl]Old Czech:Polish:ziać `exhale' [verb], zieję [1sg]Serbo-Croatian:zìjati `yawn, shout' [verb], zìjām [1sg];zjȁti `yawn, shout' [verb], zjȃm [1sg];Čak. zìjati (Vrgada) `gape, yawn, cry, shout' [verb], zìjan [1sg]Slovene:zijáti `yawn, gawk, shout' [verb], zijȃm [1sg], zȋjem [1sg];zȋjati `yawn, gawk, shout' [verb], zȋjam [1sg]Bulgarian:zéja `be wide open, yawn' [verb], zéješ [2sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: źiaʔteiLithuanian:žióti `open (one's mouth)' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵʰh₁i-??Other cognates: -
15 zьjati
zijati; zьjati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `open (one's mouth), gape, be wide open'Old Church Slavic:Russian:ziját' `yawn, gape' [verb], zijáju [1sg], zijajǫ [1sg]Czech:záti `gape, be wide open' [verb], zejí [3pl]Old Czech:Polish:ziać `exhale' [verb], zieję [1sg]Serbo-Croatian:zìjati `yawn, shout' [verb], zìjām [1sg];zjȁti `yawn, shout' [verb], zjȃm [1sg];Čak. zìjati (Vrgada) `gape, yawn, cry, shout' [verb], zìjan [1sg]Slovene:zijáti `yawn, gawk, shout' [verb], zijȃm [1sg], zȋjem [1sg];zȋjati `yawn, gawk, shout' [verb], zȋjam [1sg]Bulgarian:zéja `be wide open, yawn' [verb], zéješ [2sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: źiaʔteiLithuanian:žióti `open (one's mouth)' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵʰh₁i-??Other cognates: -
16 blizna
blizna; blizno Grammatical information: f. ā; n. oPage in Trubačev: II 118-120Russian:blízna (dial.) `missing thread in fabric, flaw in home-spun material' [f ā];blizná `knot in linen resulting from an incorrect arrangement of the warp' [f ā];bliznó `flaw in fabric, absence of one or two threads' [n o];bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]Old Russian:Belorussian:bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]Ukrainian:blýzna `wound, scar' [f ā];blyzná `defect in linen' [f ā]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Kashubian:blïzna `cicatrice' [f ā]Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:blȉzna `two threads put into a reed (instead of one);ruptured thread in weft or warp' [f ā], blȋznī [Nom p];blȋzna `scar' [f ā];blȉzno `gap' [n o]Bulgarian:blizná `place in fabric where a thread is torn or missing' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliʔź-n-Lithuanian:blyžė̃ `rip in fabric' [f ē] 4Latvian:blîznis2 `pile of broken trees in a forest' [f ē]Indo-European reconstruction: A formation with an n-suffix derived from *bʰliǵ- `beat', cf. Lat. flīgere `hit'.IE meaning: scarPage in Pokorny: 160Comments: The forms that seemingly reflect *bl'uzna must be secondary. -
17 blizno
blizna; blizno Grammatical information: f. ā; n. oPage in Trubačev: II 118-120Russian:blízna (dial.) `missing thread in fabric, flaw in home-spun material' [f ā];blizná `knot in linen resulting from an incorrect arrangement of the warp' [f ā];bliznó `flaw in fabric, absence of one or two threads' [n o];bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]Old Russian:Belorussian:bljuzná `flaw in fabric' [f ā]Ukrainian:blýzna `wound, scar' [f ā];blyzná `defect in linen' [f ā]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Kashubian:blïzna `cicatrice' [f ā]Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:blȉzna `two threads put into a reed (instead of one);ruptured thread in weft or warp' [f ā], blȋznī [Nom p];blȋzna `scar' [f ā];blȉzno `gap' [n o]Bulgarian:blizná `place in fabric where a thread is torn or missing' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: bliʔź-n-Lithuanian:blyžė̃ `rip in fabric' [f ē] 4Latvian:blîznis2 `pile of broken trees in a forest' [f ē]Indo-European reconstruction: A formation with an n-suffix derived from *bʰliǵ- `beat', cf. Lat. flīgere `hit'.IE meaning: scarPage in Pokorny: 160Comments: The forms that seemingly reflect *bl'uzna must be secondary. -
18 jьnogъ
jьnogъ Grammatical information: m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `gryphon'Page in Trubačev: VIII 231Church Slavic:Old Russian:Czech:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:Page in Pokorny: 286Other cognates: -
19 mogti
mogti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `be able'Page in Trubačev: XIX 107-111Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:móc `be able' [verb], mogę [1sg], może [3sg]Serbo-Croatian:mòći `be able' [verb], mògu [1sg], mȍžē [3sg];Čak. mȍći (Vrgada) `be able' [verb], mȏgu [1sg], mȍže [3sg];Čak. mȍć (Orbanići) `can, be able (to), be allowed (to)' [verb], mȍren [1sg]Slovene:móči `be able, must' [verb], mǫ́rem [1sg], mórem [1sg]Bulgarian:móga `be able, be allowed' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mog-Lithuanian:magė́ti `please, interest' \{1\} [verb], mãga [3sg]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-IE meaning: be able, capablePage in Pokorny: 695Comments: The generally accepted apophonic relationship between Slavic *mogti, Lith. magė́ti etc. on the one hand and mė́gti `love, like', Latv. mêgt `be able, be accustomed to' on the other cannot be maintained if one adheres to the view that the lengthened grade yielded a Balto-Slavic circumflex. The acute of the latter verbs may be due to Winter's law (*h₁meǵ- if cognate with Gk. περιημεκτέω `be aggrieved, chafe'). The o-vocalism of magė́ti and the Slavic and the Germanic forms points to an old perfect. For the semantic development `to be able' -> `to like', cf. Go. mag vs. MoHG mögen. As Pokorny remarks himself, his reconstruction *magʰ-, māgʰ- is entirely based on the presumed connection of the aforementioned forms with Gk. μηχανή `means, instrument', μη̃χος `instrument, apparatus', Dor. μᾱχᾱνα, μα̃ χος, which was rejected by Endzelīns (1931: 183), Fraenkel (1951, 168), Stang (1972, 37) a.o. for various reasons (cf. ESSJa X: 110) but nevertheless reappears in Lehmann 1986 (239).Other cognates:Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift';Notes:\{1\} The verb usually occurs in impersonal constructions. \{2\} The scholarly community is divided with respect to the question whether massi is a borrowing from Slavic (viz. Polish może) or a genuine Prussian form (see Mažiulis III: 114 for the relevant literature). -
20 mьrknǫti
mьrknǫti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `become dark'Page in Trubačev: XXI 133-135Old Church Slavic:mrьknǫti `become dark, darken' [verb]Russian:mérknut' `become dark, become dim, fade' [verb]Czech:Old Czech:mrknúti (sě) `become dark, darken' [verb]Slovak:Polish:mierzchnąć `become dark, darken' [verb]Slovincian:mjìe̯řk `twilight' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:mȑknuti `become dark, darken' [verb]Slovene:mŕkniti `become dark, darken, blink, wink' [verb], mȓknem [1sg]Lithuanian:mérkti `close one's eyes' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: mrHk-Other cognates:Notes:
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